Developmental History Case Study Essay - 836 Words

Part of life-span development research involves analyzing major concepts distinct features and developmental changes associated with everything from gender identification to changes in moral and emotional development. This paper will discuss the risks and developmental complications associated with each section of the development history and how deficits in each area may result or evolve into specific disorders and medical diseases later in development. Also, examination of long-term consequences associated with disorders and illnesses that develop and the relationship between the researchers findings and the developmental history case. Lastly, potential issues for the child based the responses received will be discussed. Risks and†¦show more content†¦Santrock (2010) gives the advice for parents stating â€Å" recognize that the quality of your parenting is a key factor in your child’s development†¦..parents should observe for themselves whether their children seen to be having behavior problems†. (p.372) Evolution of Disorders and Diseases It seems that there has been a rise in specific disorders and medical diseases within the last 20 years. A record number of autism and ADD/ADHD diagnoses have been reported through medical journals and public journals. Wing (1999) states that there are a reported 1 in 150 cases of autism reported each year. ADD/ADHD diagnoses are on the rise as well. While it is possible that these types of disorders are just now beginning to be diagnosed instead of mis-diagnosed, there is another possibility. Kazan (2010) hypothesizes that â€Å"the pressures of human evolution could explain the apparent rise of disorders such as autoimmune disease and autism†. An interesting fact arose out of the same article as it relates to the how and why diseases and disorders evolve. As humans, scientists relate that† natural selection favors reproduction over health, biology evolves more slowly than culture, and pathogens evolve more quickly than humansâ₠¬  (Kazan, 2010). This will also account for the long-term consequences associated with disorders and illnesses thatShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Case Study : Developmental Case History1328 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental Case History of Yves In this developmental case history I will be case conceptualizing Yves while integrating the developmental theories of Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud and Urie Bronfenbrenner. In this developmental case study we will be taking a journey throughout Yves’ life timeline through the lenses of these three theorists in order to get a better understanding of his developmental history, who he is, and the deeper meaning behind his facts of life. Our first theorist, Sigmund FreudRead MoreEssay on The Role of Methodology in Developmental Research1467 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Methodology in Developmental Research Developmental psychology may be defined as a branch psychology devoted to understanding all changes that human beings, experience throughout the lifespan (Berk. E. L 2003). Developmental psychology focuses hugely on development in childhood, as major changes occur in childhood, it is the scientific study of ‘how we grow and develop’, (Davenport 1994). Developmental psychology aims to understand the important aspectsRead MorePancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Case Study1494 Words   |  6 PagesPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal and the most common type of pancreas cancer as it accounts more than 85% of all neoplasms. (1,2) It has high incidence rate worldwide with around 300,000 new cases projected to be diagnosed every year. (3) In men, it is the fourth cause of death related to cancer whereas in women it is the fifth cause. (4) 1.1 Risk factors The real causes of PDAC are not well known. (5) However, many risk factors are associated such as smoking which increasesRead MoreChildhood Depressionn1528 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment. Risk factors include parental conflict, a family history of depression, poor peer relationship, negative thinking, and deficit in coping skills. Treatment criteria of children and adults are the same, with the exception that children may display irritability rather than depressed or sad mood, and loss of weight may be seen as a failure gain appropriate weight milestones. Diagnosis and treatment should take into account developmental stage, suicidality, severity of depression, and social andRead MoreDyslexia Is Defined As A Persistent Reading Impairment Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pagesnot impact speaking ability or intellect. Broadly there are two main categories of dyslexia; acquired and developmental. Acquired impairments occur as the result of brain damage reducing or removing an individual s a bility to carry out functions they were once able to. Comparatively, developmental impairments are present from birth for currently unknown reasons. Individuals with developmental dyslexia have no other neurological or sensory impairments that could account for their reading difficultiesRead MoreNeanderthal Brain Size At Birth1718 Words   |  7 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; In the article, quot;Neanderthal Brain Size at Birth Provides Insights into the Evolution of Human Life Historyquot; by Marcia S. Ponce de Leon discussed human life history is characterized by an extended period of developmental immaturity. This pattern of ontogeny is thought to be necessary for higher cognitive capabilities (Ponce de Leon 37). However, recent studies suggest the differences between the human brain growth and the chimpanzees are less evident (Ponce de Leon 37). HumansRead MoreEssay on Linguistics in Anthropology634 Words   |  3 PagesLinguistics in Anthropology When we begin to dive into the study of humans, also known as Anthropology, there are so many subdivisions we can learn about. One very interesting clump within the study of Anthropology can be classified as Linguistic Anthropology. In this instance, anthropologists study language and how the development and its use can be studied to understand culture. According to the department of Anthropology at California State University Long beach, Anthropologists are interestedRead MoreAutism Spectrum1147 Words   |  5 PagesThe study and research pertaining to autism is very broad and includes more than just autism itself. A child with an autistic disorder is hard to identify because autism is not easily seen. Autism is more of a mental and social disorder; it doesn’t really have anything to do with a physical outlook. The autism disorder doesn’t only deal with autism; there are five other primary disorders involved with autism. When screening a child for autism, they will fi nd out if any other disorders should be diagnosedRead More The Developing Adolescent Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental theories are a group of ideas, assumptions, and generalizations that interpret and illuminate the thousands of observations that have been made about human growth. In this way, developmental theories provide a framework for explaining the patterns and problems of development (Berger, 2008 p33). Adolescence represents one of the most critical developmental periods in life. It is a time of profound changes on all levels. The importance of both family and peers during these years is alsoRead MoreThe Theory Of Intervention Theory Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesIntervention Theory The clinician will integrate multiple theories that will support a single group of researchers who conducted a case study that proposed the two theories with the purpose of obtaining the most current information regarding language difficulties, social communication difficulties, and the outcomes it provides when working with school-age children. The theories identified during this research were Biological Maturation and Social Interactionism. The clinician will further indicate

Teaching Method Directly Affect The Success Of Students As...

Running head: DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION The Importance of Differentiated Instruction: Does this teaching method directly affect the Success of students as measured by the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills? Layna S. Philipp Tarleton State University The Importance of Differentiated Instruction: Does this teaching method directly affect the success of students as measured by the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills? Introduction As classrooms become more and more diverse, the growing challenge of K-12 teachers is to respond appropriately to the differing needs of the students (Anderson, 2007). Throughout recent years the number of students with diverse learning needs, who have been placed in†¦show more content†¦Ã‚ § 1400 et seq. (1975). The school may implement a scientifically based intervention as an aide to determine if the child responds to instruction. Teachers struggle daily to assist students in the classroom to be successful on state mandated tests and comply with any special education guidelines. The high standards of these tests and fear of litigation have left teachers grasping for methods in which to make general education attainable for children with learning difficulties. This focus on standards came about in an effort to ensure that all children received an equivalent level of education. Before standards-based teaching was required by NCLB there was much room for individual teaching strategies. Students in different classrooms in the same school would get a different education. A greater variance could be seen in specific populations as well. Standards were lower for children with cognitive and physical disabilities because less was expected of them (Levy, 2008). The purpose of this study is to discuss common practices in differentiated instruction and show the correlation of those practices with the success rate of chil dren with learning disabilities as measured by the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS). Differentiated

Evaluating Pain in Osteoarthritis

Question: Discuss about the Evaluating Pain in Osteoarthritis. Answer: Introduction The risk factor involved in this present case is the impaired mobility, and the vital signs reveal that she is suffering from osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the deterioration of United cartilage and the core bone. It causes soreness and inflexibility, in particular, in the major joints such as the hip bone, knee, and also the thumb joints ("14 Evaluating pain in osteoarthritis", 2005). Nursing Intervention Osteoarthritis is an unremitting illness. At present, there is no therapy, but some treatments are offered that help to deal with the symptoms (Malfait, 2015).Hence, the patients map of care shall incorporate nursing interventions like increased mobility level but with proper positioning and stature, increased joint movement, etc. The nursing interventions will first be focused on the fact that the patient is aware of the high amount of risk involved to her bones. Also, the addition of specified medicines in the patients diet needs to be focused ("Osteoarthritis: management," 2015). The nursing interventions for the patient shall initially take account of the screening of the mobility skills such as bed mobility, alteration movements, for instance, standing up, sitting down, and transferring things, sustained and uncorroborated sitting and other standing and on foot activities (Narin, 2009). Viewing the mobility abilities lends a hand in providing baselines of routine that can direct mobility-augment training and put into practice prospects into every day schedule and routine care. Once the screening has been done, the patient is now taught how to change the daily habits such as getting out of bed, etc. so that the suffering can be minimized and cured. The patient is taught to move slowly out of the bed so that the joints dont suffer jerks. The patient is advised to perform relaxation techniques that are to be taken into play during any physical activity that shall help the bones and the muscles to relax and dont feel the pressure. Once the basic physical postur e is corrected the pain shall be reduced to a drastic extent. The nursing interventions related to correction of posture helps the person to a large extent as the day to day activities such as sitting or walking in the incorrect posture shall make the problem of osteoarthritis worse. This is because the joints and the bones are strained to such a large extent. Mild weights working out in addition to aerobic exercises are a great amalgamation for the management of osteoarthritis and it can make stronger the physique in the region of the exaggerated joint, providing it superior hold up and serving it to keep on being in good physical shape ("Exercise is an effective treatment for lower limb osteoarthritis", 2013). Habitualwork outpossibly will lend a hand to add force to the physique and potentially kindle cartilage augmentation. In addition to exercise the effect of the nursing interventions is seen to profit the maximum when the intake of the prescribed medicines is also done simultaneously ("Osteoarthritis", 2013). Conclusion In the present case, the patient is suffering from osteoarthritis and has pain in the left hip. The nursing inventions for her are the proper positioning of the body during the day to day activities as a result of which the predicament can be treated successfully from the root. Refrences 14 Evaluating pain in osteoarthritis. (2005).Osteoarthritis And Cartilage,13, S5. Exercise is an effective treatment for lower limb osteoarthritis. (2013).Nursing Standard,28(8), 18-18. Malfait, A. (2015). Osteoarthritis biology.Osteoarthritis And Cartilage,23, A24. Narin, R. (2009). Comparison of two different of nursing interventions for knee osteoarthritis patients in the community in northern Thailand (Concurrent).Journal Of Orthopaedic Nursing,13(4), 216. Osteoarthritis. (2013).The Pharmaceutical Journal. Osteoarthritis: management. (2015).Clinical Pharmacist.

The BRIC Countries

Introduction The modern international system, states compete for economic and political power for them to be considered superpowers. Polarity is a term used in foreign policy analysis to refer to the centre of power meaning that a state must possess certain features to be powerful.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The BRIC Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Scholars of foreign policy observe that a state must be able to influence the global society politically, diplomatically, economically, culturally, militarily, and technologically for it to be accepted as a superpower. Before the First World War, there were various centres of power, including Russia, Japan, the United States and Britain. During this time, the international system was characterized by multi-polarity. Only two centres of power emerged after the Second World War, a situation referred to as bipolarity. The Cold War brought a number of chang es because it led to the emergence of only a single centre of power, which was the United States. The Soviet Union was disintegrated after the changes that were Gorbachev introduced in early 1990s (Atkinson 884). Recently, the international system is characterized by multi-polarity, but only economically because the US still dominates politically, culturally, militarily, technologically, and diplomatically. China, India, Russia, and Brazil are the emerging economies that pose a serious challenge to other developed economies, such as the United States, Japan, France, and Britain. These countries are referred to as the BRICS. The BRIC countries are developing at a very high rate economically, but a majority of them are still lagging behind in terms of cultural and political development. In these countries, political reforms are never allowed because the state controls state resources. In China, the state owns all major investments whereby an individual is the property of the state. Th e article analyzes the capability of the BRIC countries in terms of influencing the global affairs. In the article, it is noted that the countries have managed to influence economic issues, but not diplomatic and political. Demographical Comparison (Data) China released the 2010 census report in April, which shocked very many people in the world. The media focused on the getting old before it gets rich theme, which is related to the iniquitous policy proving that an individual should have just a single child due to inadequate resources.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The policy was put in place sometimes back owing to the population pressure, which placed a lot of pressure to the government regarding provision of basic needs, such as education, security, healthcare, food, and many more. Even though China is showing a good economic prosperity, it has a serious problem th at is related to population. However, population is not a curse to the Chinese government as is the case in other places, such as Africa (Lankhuizen 1402). Therefore, the population plays a critical role in China because it serves as the consumer of finished goods and services. Many organizations around the world are always interested in investing in China because of stable market. Apart from providing the market for the finished industrial goods, the population offer labour. Studies suggest that China has semi-skilled, skilled, and unskilled labour. In this regard, cheap labour is readily available, which has played a major role in boosting industrial production. The total population of China according to the 2010 census is 1.34 billion. India has a population of 1.21 while Brazil’s population is 190.7 million. The census report reveals that the population of the BRIC countries grow every decade, with China having a decadal growth of 74 million, which translates to 5.4 perce nt. For every decade, the population growth of India is 181 million, translating to 17.6 while that of Brazil is 21 million, which translates to 12.3 percent. The census reports for these countries confirm that their rise to global power is attributed to population increase. China and India had to come up with a policy that forced individuals to accept family planning strategies. In terms of gender, China has a male population of 51.3 percent while that of female is 48.7 percent. This shows that the ratio of men to women in the country is 105/100. Any population that is dominated by men has the potential of developing at a high rate because men can easily work in industries, unlike women who demand feminine jobs. India and China shares something in common, which is the gender of the population because India has ratio of 100 to 94. This translates to 51.6 percent men and 48.4 percent women. In Brazil, women are slightly more than men are because they constitute 51 percent of the tota l population while men are 49 percent. Regarding the age ratios, the BRIC countries have able population because half of the population are men. Only 16.6 percent of the population in China is made of children while the old constitute only 13.3 percent. In India, only 13 percent are children while Brazil has children population of 24 percent. In terms of the level of literacy, the BRIC countries have an educated population because the literate rate in China is over 96 percent while in India it is above 74 percent. Brazil has a literacy rate of over 91 percent. In China, 49.7 percent of the population lives in urban areas while 30 percent live of the population of the population lives in the urban areas in India. In Brazil, over 84.4 percent of the population are urban dwellers (Groot 507).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The BRIC Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The data presented above shows that the BRIC have the high chances of excelling economically because the number individuals who can engage in economic development is very high. In some countries, the population is an issue of concern because able individuals should be imported from other countries. The population below six years is reducing in India while the population between 15 to 64 years is increasing in China. This shows that these countries will never lack sufficient markets and labour. Social Analysis In terms of social development, the BRIC countries are still facing a number of challenges because their governments are yet to formulate policies aiming at mitigating the various social challenges. However, the countries are putting up measures that would help their citizens in dealing with the challenges of globalization. Recently, the representatives of the BRIC countries met to deliberate on the ways through which the health of their citizens would be improved. Moreover, the conference discussed some of the ways that would allow the old to access basic pensions, as well as social security. Therefore, it can be observed that the BRIC countries are concentrating on improving health, setting up pension plans, and extending social security to various individuals who might be in need. In a report released by ISSA titled social security coverage extension in the BRIC countries, it was noted that social security plays a critical role in improving the welfare of the majority in society. Moreover, it was agreed that social security would be provided to individuals, given the fact that the countries host over 42 percent of the world’s population (Feenstra 78). The secretary general of ISSA was of the view that the BRIC countries have to take an initiative of understanding the social dimensions of developments in order to improve the living standards of citizens. The conference conducted an analysis of the ongoing projects related to social security and suggested new measures. Nevertheless, the countries contracted an international social security organization to undertake an extensive research to establish the social needs of citizens in the four countries. The study found out that political good will was lacking in almost all the countries meaning that leadership is still a challenge as far as implementation of social policies are concerned. The report however established that the countries had adequate economic environment that would support social policies. The leadership of ISSA observed with concern that economic objectives cannot be achieved in case the leadership of the BRIC countries do not take social development seriously. For instance, a healthy population is needed for the production process to go on interrupted. In this view, all social institutions operating the BRIC countries have to be given adequate support to enable them resolve the many issues facing the population (Bosworth 51). The governments should set standards that will go a long way in helping p eople regarding their social safety.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Economic Analysis (Features) Research shows that Brazil is the largest economy in the South American region. The country has a developed agricultural system, mining industries, and manufacturing companies. Moreover, the service industries in the country are well developed meaning that the macroeconomic features of the country are very stable. From 2003, the country embarked on a recovery mission whereby it was expected to attract foreign capital, decrease debt, prevent inflation of prices, and commit itself to financial tasks (Eichengreen 56). The recovery program was hindered by the 2007 global financial crisis, but the country recovered so fast The GDP level of the country returned to its initial figure, with the central bank reporting a 5 percent growth in 2010. The country relies heavily on the service sector followed by the industrial sector. Figure 1: The GDP of Brazil from 2007 to 2009 Figure 2: Brazil’s per capita from 2007 to 2009 Russia is the world’s large st country in terms of geographical area because it borders fourteen countries. The country engages in trade with various partners, mainly those in Europe. In 2007, the economy of Russia almost collapsed because the stock market was performing poorly. The economic crisis affected the prices of commodities given the fact that Russian products never had demand in the global market. Economic growth fell from 9.5 to 1.1. The country’s economy picked up in 2009, but at a low level. The increase in the prices of oil products boosted Russia’s economy since the country depends on oil. The country relies heavily on production and transportation given the fact that it owns one of the longest gas pipes in Europe referred to as Gazpromo. Among the BRIC countries, India is the less developed, even though it has a huge population. The country boosts of a cost effective labour and economy because cheapo labour force is readily available. Many developed countries outsource their work to India mainly because of cheap labour. The country relies heavily on exports and manufacturing. China is an economic powerhouse in Asia mainly because of the population, which provides adequate labour and market. The GDP growth of China was 10.456 percent in 2010, which amounted to $ 5745.13 billion. Financial analysts observe that this growth rate is expected to increase. The country opened up its economy by allowing the market to operate according to its own internal logics. However, China’s economic growth is only felt in the cities since the rural areas are still very poor (Amiti 12). Political Analysis Politically, India is perceived as the most democratic among the four BRIC countries. Nevertheless, democracy in India does not measure up to the internationally recognized standards meaning that it has a long way to go in case it wants to embrace democracy. This means that BRIC countries have serious problems regarding the rule of law, respect for human rights, media fr eedom, constitutionalism, and the existence of the civil society. For instance, the Chinese government does not allow political competition because it interferes with the position of the ruling class. In the BRIC countries, the gap between the rich and the poor is ever increasing meaning that economic gains are not distributed equally. The media is highly controlled in China and Russia, which means that it only reports what the government wants. In Brazil, the opposition is never given a chance to participate in elections democratically. The system of checks and balances do not work in the BRIC countries. The president is always in charge of foreign and domestic policy implying that citizens are never involved in making major decisions that would their lives (Rodrik 89). Works Cited Amiti, Freund. China’s Growing Role in World Trade. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. Print. Atkinson, Salverda. â€Å"Top Incomes in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom over the 20t h Century.† Journal of the European Economic Association, 3.1 (2005): 883-913. Print. Bosworth, Collins. â€Å"Accounting for Growth: Comparing China and India.† Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22.3 (2010): 45-66. Print. Eichengreen, Park. When Fast Growing Economies Slow Down: International Evidence and Implications for China. Cambridge: NBER Working Paper, 2011. Print. Feenstra, Wei. Introduction of China’s Growing Role in World Trade. Cambridge: NBER Working Paper, 2009. Print. Groot, Withagen. â€Å"Dynamics of China’s Regional Development and Pollution: An Investigation into the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Environment and Development Economics, 9.2 (2004): 507-537. Lankhuizen, Linders. â€Å"The Trade-Off between Foreign Direct Investments and Exports: The Role of Multiple Dimensions of Distance.† The World Economy, 34.1 (2011): 1395-1416. Print. Rodrik, Derick. One Economics, Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions and Economic Growth, P rinceton University Press, Princeton, 2007. Print. This essay on The BRIC Countries was written and submitted by user Kyleigh Abbott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Psychology Of Embarassment

Initially, the trouble with my body being the wrong sex was just...troubling. My mother told me stories, before she died, of the difficulties toilet training me, of getting me to deal with plumbing I felt unhappy with. I remember how kindergarten gave me my first taste of the shame I would be indoctrinated with over my life, of ridicule by adults and my peers. Back then, in early childhood, I knew something was wrong, it caused me embarrassment and a little shame, but I always felt that it would work out, if I just hoped and prayed hard enough. From the earliest I felt different, because I was not like those I was supposed to be kin to, boys. I was quiet and gentle and they were rough and loud. I liked to draw and read, to paint and play with stuffed animals making little homes for them and myself, I did not fit in with my supposed peers. I felt outcast even in kindergarten, and I had a difficult time understanding fully just why. Girls would often not include me, which I also did not understand, so the best definition of what it felt like for me to be a transsexual child would be Outcast and Confused. As I approached puberty, the exclusion from both boys and girls increased, as each had reasons for avoiding the shy strange child I was. To boys I was weird because I liked girlish things, and to girls I was icky because I was supposed to be a boy. When they did include me, they wanted me to play the role of 'daddy' or 'boyfriend' or other such role, and I would only be willing to play 'mommy' or my usual, the 'baby' in games of playing house. In every activity my gender dilemma affected me. If I wanted to twirl on the monkey bars I was ridiculed because only girls did that, and my stuffed animals were taken away by my vile father, fearful of my love for them. Eventually, I had to find a way to avoid persecution, for my difference increasingly resulted in physical abuse from the boys. I was threatened and beaten, called a fag... Free Essays on Psychology Of Embarassment Free Essays on Psychology Of Embarassment Initially, the trouble with my body being the wrong sex was just...troubling. My mother told me stories, before she died, of the difficulties toilet training me, of getting me to deal with plumbing I felt unhappy with. I remember how kindergarten gave me my first taste of the shame I would be indoctrinated with over my life, of ridicule by adults and my peers. Back then, in early childhood, I knew something was wrong, it caused me embarrassment and a little shame, but I always felt that it would work out, if I just hoped and prayed hard enough. From the earliest I felt different, because I was not like those I was supposed to be kin to, boys. I was quiet and gentle and they were rough and loud. I liked to draw and read, to paint and play with stuffed animals making little homes for them and myself, I did not fit in with my supposed peers. I felt outcast even in kindergarten, and I had a difficult time understanding fully just why. Girls would often not include me, which I also did not understand, so the best definition of what it felt like for me to be a transsexual child would be Outcast and Confused. As I approached puberty, the exclusion from both boys and girls increased, as each had reasons for avoiding the shy strange child I was. To boys I was weird because I liked girlish things, and to girls I was icky because I was supposed to be a boy. When they did include me, they wanted me to play the role of 'daddy' or 'boyfriend' or other such role, and I would only be willing to play 'mommy' or my usual, the 'baby' in games of playing house. In every activity my gender dilemma affected me. If I wanted to twirl on the monkey bars I was ridiculed because only girls did that, and my stuffed animals were taken away by my vile father, fearful of my love for them. Eventually, I had to find a way to avoid persecution, for my difference increasingly resulted in physical abuse from the boys. I was threatened and beaten, called a fag...

Will They Ever Pull the Plug Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Will They Ever Pull the Plug - Essay Example Elmer’s wife of 50 years, Wilma Beard, is requesting the hospital to remove her husband from the life support system and spare him the torture of living as a vegetable, recognizing no one and being given food by a pipe through his nose. She says that the comma has now persisted for three weeks, and there is no hope of Elmer recovering. Wilma says that having spent 50 years married to him; she is much attached to Elmer and his pitiful condition is causing her a lot of misery. The internist attending to Elmer, Dr. James A. Duncan, does not agree with Wilma and will not remove Elmer from the respirator and let him die. Dr. Duncan has consulted two other specialists regarding the best decision to take, due to the sensitivity of the case. These two, neurologist Morris, D, Lampert and lung man Leopoldo Lapuerta, agree with Dr. Duncan that it would be professionally wrong to remove Elmer from the respirator. Thus, Dr. Duncan has stuck to his decision to keep Elmer alive with the life support system. Wilma Beard’s demand to Dr. Duncan is morally wrong. First of all, Dr. Duncan still has hope that Elmer Beard might recover. Removing Elmer from the respirator would be murder since according to the internist; Elmer has a fleeting chance of recovering from the coma. The fact that there is a possibility for recovery means that Elmer might be able to make the decision himself if he recovers from the comma. The three doctors, Duncan, Lampert, and Lapuerta, are not sure whether Elmer will be able to communicate to some degree if he recovers or not. Therefore, they believe that the most conducive measure is to wait and see. The six weeks during which Elmer has been in the comma is too short a period to conclude that the comma will last indefinitely. Wilma has to be more patient and give the condition more time to see if there will be a change. Objection (1): Elmer Beard’s situation is hopeless. Even if there is some chance of him recovering, he is still

The Disease Process of Cardiomyopathy Term Paper

The Disease Process of Cardiomyopathy - Term Paper Example It is included in the list of diseases that has the highest morbidity rate in the world’s aging population. The degree and the time course of the disease vary and do not coincide with the linear expression of symptoms. People suffering from such disease normally have asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction or both. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the state of the disease that is expressed when the balance between malfunction and compensation is disordered such that cardiac output can no longer be maintained at normal left ventricular filling pressures. (Giles & Sander, 1988, p 16) Types of Cardiomyopathy There are three types of cardiomyopathy; dilated, hypertrophic and unclassified cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common among the three types. In this type, the heart’s main pumping chamber – the left ventricle, coming from the term ‘dilated’, grows bigger than its normal size. Th e ability to pump blood throughout the body becomes less forceful, making the blood flow uneasily. (Giles & Sander, 1988, p 24) Although as mentioned above, Cardiomyopathy 3 cardiomyopathy can occur to people of any ages; this is most commonly seen in middle-aged people and is more often to occur in men. Some people who have this type of cardiomyopathy acquire the disease hereditary. The second type of cardiomyopathy is hypertrophic. This type of the disease entails the abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, affecting the main pumping chamber of the heart – the left ventricle. As the thickening occurs, it affects the blood circulation in the body due to the stiffening and the shrinking of the heart’s pumping chamber, which affects the ability of the heart to deliver blood to the entire body. Just like any other types of this disease, this may develop in any ages but it becomes more visible during childhood. (Giles & Sander, 1988, p 33) Normally, people who acquire th is disease have a family history and more often than not, linked to some genetic mutations. Affected patients of this type of cardiomyopathy may be asymptomatic or may have signs of hindlimb paralysis or acute dyspnea. Examinations demonstrate abnormal heart sounds; from soft to prominent systolic cardiac murmurs and gallop heart sounds. The last type of cardiomyopathy is unclassified or better known as restrictive cardiomyopathy. The heart muscles of people who develop this type of disease become rigid and less elastic, which tends the heart to not expand properly to be able to contain blood between heartbeats. This is common in older people although it can develop in any ages just like the other types. This type is the least common among the three and can occur without known reason – idiopathic. (Giles & Sander, 1988, p 41) This can also be caused by other diseases that affect the heart. This type includes patients with visible abnormalities in the myocardium on echocardiog raphy that do not fit into the other two types. This type of disease is also seen in cats. As mentioned above, Cardiomyopathy 4 restrictive cardiomyopathy have unknown causes. Nursing Intervention The disease is defined as ventricular dilation, systolic contractible dysfunction, low cardiac output and other congestive heart failure symptoms (crackles, edema, etc.) The decrease in the blood supply comes hand in hand with the decrease of amount of oxygen supply in the body. This can lead to kidney